Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Romanian rural areas have suffered a significant permanent emigration since the early 1990s and the European Union by the Common Agricultural Policy has tried to slow down this negative phenomenon. The main research question was to assess if the Common Agricultural Policy has been a leverage of socio-economic development in Romanian rural areas reducing the permanent emigration from the countryside since 2010 to 2020. The quantitative approach has used the Data Envelopment Analysis and the Multi-directional Efficiency Analysis in order to assess the patterns of inefficiency due to an excess of some variables impacting to the permanent rural emigration.
References
Anghel, R. G. (2016). Migration in differentiated localities: changing statuses and ethnic relations in a multi-ethnic locality in Transylvania, Romania. Population Space and Place, 22(4), 356–366. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.1925
Anghel, R. G., Botezat, A., Coșciug, A., Manafi, I., & Roman, M. (2017). International migration, return migration, and their effects: a comprehensive review on the Romanian case. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2895293
Asmild, M., Hougaard, J. L., Kronborg, D., & Kvist, H. K. (2003). Measuring inefficiency via potential improvements. Journal of productivity analysis, 19(1), 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021822103696
Bogetoft, P., & Hougaard, J. L. (2003). Rational inefficiencies. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 20(3), 243–271. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1027347616038
Bojnec, Š., & Fertő, I. (2022). Do different types of common agricultural policy subsidies promote farm employment? Land Use Policy, 112, 105823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105823.
Botezat, A., Moraru, A., & Botezat, D. (2016). Romania’s medical exodus. Evidence from LinkedIn data. Munich Personal RePEc Archive.
Coelli, T. J., Rao, D. S. P., O’Donnell, C. J., & Battese, G. E. (2005). An introduction to efficiency and productivity analysis. Springer Science & Business Media.
EUROSTAT. (2019). Eurostat database. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
Galluzzo, N. (2016). Role of financial subsidies allocated by the CAP and out emigration in Romanian rural areas. Annals of Constantin Brancusi University of Targu-Jiu. Economy Series, 3, 218–224.
Galluzzo, N. (2021a). The role of CAP subsidies in reducing socio-economic marginalization in Romanian rural areas. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 27(4), 633–645.
Galluzzo, N. (2021b). Estimation of the impact of CAP subsidies as environmental variables on Romanian farms. Economia Agroalimentare, 22(3), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3280/ecag2021oa12772
Galluzzo, N. (2021c). A quantitative analysis on Romanian rural areas, agritourism and the impacts of European Union’s financial subsidies. Journal of Rural Studies, 82, 458–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.01.025
Garrone, M., Emmers, D., Lee, H., Olper, A., & Swinnen, J. (2019). Subsidies and agricultural productivity in the EU. Agricultural Economics, 50(6), 803–817. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12526
Gavrilescu, C., Tudor, M. M., Brumă, I. S., Dobay, K. M., Matei, D., & Tănasă, L. (2020). Demographic change and labour availability in agricultural farms in North-East region of Romania. Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 17(2), 169–182.
Hansson, H., Manevska-Tasevska, G., & Asmild, M. (2020). Rationalising inefficiency in agricultural production–the case of Swedish dairy agriculture. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 47(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jby042
Ianoș, I. (2016). Causal relationships between economic dynamics and migration: Romania as case study. In J. Domínguez-Mujica (Ed.), Global change and human mobility (pp. 303–322). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0050-8_16
Ianoş, I., Sîrodoev, I., Pascariu, G., & Henebry, G. (2016). Divergent patterns of built-up urban space growth following post-socialist changes. Urban Studies, 53(15), 3172–3188. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098015608568
Iordache, M., & Titan, E. (2022). Does Romanian emigration influence labour force? Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 5, 2644–0504. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v5-i10-03
Kuiper, M., Shutes, L., Van Meijl, H., Oudendag, D., & Tabeau, A. (2020). Labor supply assumptions. A missing link in food security projections. Global Food Security, 25, 100328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.100328
Kumbhakar, S. C., Wang, H., & Horncastle, A. P. (2015). A practitioner's guide to stochastic frontier analysis using Stata. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139342070
Manevska-Tasevska, G., Hansson, H., Asmild, M., & Surry, Y. (2021). Exploring the regional efficiency of the Swedish agricultural sector during the CAP reforms‒multi-directional efficiency analysis approach. Land Use Policy, 100, 104897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104897
Minviel, J. J., & Latruffe, L. (2017). Effect of public subsidies on farm technical efficiency: A meta-analysis of empirical results. Applied Economics, 49(2), 213–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1194963
Mitrică, B., Damian, N., Grigorescu, I., Mocanu, I., Dumitraşcu, M., & Persu, M. (2022). Out-migration and social and technological marginalization in Romania. Regional disparities. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 175, 121370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121370
Mitrică, B., Damian, N., Mocanu, I., & Grigorescu, I. (2019). Exploring the links between out-migration and social development in Romania. A development region-based approach. Europa XXI, 37, 53–70. https://doi.org/10.7.7163/Eu21.2019.37.4
Roman, M., & Voicu, C. (2010). Some socio-economic effects of labour migration on the sending country. Evidence from Romania. Economie teoretică şi aplicată, 7(548), 50–65.
Sandu, D. (2005). Dynamics of Romanian emigration after 1989: From a macro-to a micro-level approach. International Journal of Sociology, 35(3), 36–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2005.11043153
Tomescu-Dumitrescu, C. (2017). Migraţia în România şi perspectivele demografice. Analele Universităţii Constantin Brâncuşi, Serie Litere şi Ştiinţe Sociale, 79–86.
World Economic Forum. (2017). Migration and its impact on cities. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/Migration_Impact_Cities_report_2017_low.pdf
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Nicola Galluzzo